Table 1 The procedural errors detected in the RCTs provided and their prevalence
Procedural error | Prevalence | X2-instrumentation technique (P value) | X2-arch (maxilla vs. mandible) (P value) |
|---|---|---|---|
Improper access cavity | 7.5% | – | 0.253 (0.615) |
Missed canals | 5.6% | – | 1.564 (0.211) |
Under extension | 48.4% | 1.385 (0.239) | 1.855 (0.173) |
Over extension | 19.2% | 4.325 (0.038)* | 0.416 (0.519) |
Improper apical instrumentation size | 7.5% | 2.748 (0.097) | 1.084 (0.298) |
Ledge formation | 2.8% | 0.003 (0.953) | 0.441 (0.507) |
Canal transportation | 5.2% | 3.897 (0.048)* | 2.652 (0.103) |
Access cavity-related perforation | 2.8% | – | 1.104 (0.293) |
Instrumentation-related perforation | 1.4% | 3.19 (0.074) | 1.794 (0.180) |
Strip perforation | 0% | – | – |
Separated instrument | 3.8% | 2.279 (0.131) | 0.001 (0.980) |
Sealer extrusion | 3.8% | 1.889 (0.169) | 0.521 (0.471) |
Insufficient obturation | 45.5% | 5.654 (0.017) | 0.742 (0.389) |
Improper coronal seal | 35.2% | – | 0.822 (0.365) |