Table 1 Questionnaire creation process based on clinical questions
DIMENSIONS | COMPONENTS | QUESTIONS |
|---|---|---|
Epidemiology Q1 - Q5 | Age, gender, level of training, type of practice | |
Decoy Question Q6 | How do you perform anesthesia for colonoscopy in your establishment? | |
Clinical recognition of ‘at-risk’ situation Q7 - Q8 | Actions to be taken if a “high risk” full stomach situation is suspected (e.g. gastric US, gastroscopy, CT scan, straightforward planning of rapid sequence induction). | Do you have enough information to induce anesthesia? |
What is your plan to induce anesthesia? | ||
Decoy questions Q9– Q11 | What drugs will you use to induce anesthesia About the maintenance of anesthesia (Inhaled, Target controlled infusion) Where does the patient go after the colonoscopy? (recovery room, ICU, home) | |
Knowledge of the existence of the technique Q12 | Knowledge of the existence of the technique and its accessibility to the anesthesiologist | In this situation, do you propose to proceed to Gastric-POCUS? |
Realization of the technique Q13 | Knowledge of technical aspects | What kind of US-probe do you use? |
Knowledge of patient positioning aspect | In which position do you proceed to the examination? | |
Knowledge of anatomical landmarks | What are the necessary anatomical landmarks to obtain an interpretable image? | |
Interpreting the results of Gastric POCUS Q14 - Q15 | Qualitative analysis of the result | Do you detect ‘at-risk’ gastric content? |
Qualitative analysis of the result | Given the result of liquid volume evaluation, is the situation ‘at-risk’? | |
Clinical decision according to the result Q16– Q19 | Clinical decision on anesthesia plan based on gastric content evaluation | Do you delay the intervention? |
If it is not possible to reschedule the patient, how do you proceed with the induction of anesthesia? | ||
Field conditions for performing a Gastric-POCUS Q20– Q22 | State of training in Gastric POCUS | Are you trained in performing Gastric-POCUS and, if not, do you want to? |
Availability of the correct US-probe | Do you have a low-frequency US-probe available? | |
Training of future specialists | Should Gastric-POCUS be more present in basic anesthesiology training? | |