Promotion of self-directed learning abilities among Chinese medical students through preparing for career calling and enhancing teaching competencies in medical education: a cross-sectional study

Table 6 Hierarchical multiple regression model (n = 3,614)

Variables	Self-directed learning ability
Variables	M1(β)	M2(β)	M3(β)
Control variables
Gender	-0.027	-0.022	-0.022
Grade	-0.083^***	0.003	0.003
Major	-0.091^***	-0.053^***	-0.053^***
Experience of leaders	-0.108^***	-0.072^***	-0.071^***
Hometown	0.042^*	0.034^*	0.032
Monthly living expenses	-0.027	-0.022	-0.022
Parenting style	0.106^***	0.054^***	0.054^***
Education degree of parents	0.032	0.027	0.028
Moderator
Career calling		0.295^***	0.068
Independent variable
Teaching competencies		0.375^***	0.191^**
Interaction
Teaching competencies × Career calling			0.340^**
F	23.547^***	183.862^***	168.365^***
R²	0.05^***	0.338^***	0.340^***
ΔR²	0.05^***	0.288^***	0.290^***

ISSN: 1472-6920