Table 1 Theoretical Framework Terminology

The West and Western perspective

This is the perspective of countries whose knowledge and traditions is strongly linked to European immigration including Oceania and the Americas.

Intersections of power

This framework articulates how different power systems such as, but not limited to, class, race and gender interact and how different groups are impacted by these power systems [15].

Neocolonialism

Neocolonialism describes a form of imperialism which is associated with global capitalism and activities of Western media [16]. Neocolonialism references a Western dominated reform agenda and has implications for medical education in non-Western health care contexts [16, 17].

Anti-colonial

Anti-colonial perspective begins from the standpoint of marginalized peoples, perspectives or knowledge. The main goal is to provide a different view-point on dominant perspectives [2].

Global North and Global South

The Global North and Global South dichotomy reflects both a political and socioeconomic divide. The Global North includes Europe, Canada, United States and some of Asia (Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan). The Global South consists of Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, the remainder of Asia and the Caribbean countries.

Post-colonial

Postcolonial theory explores the implications of colonial practices. It is often operationalized by exploring power relationships [18].

Socio-cultural Representation

Collective elaborations of social determinants of health specific to a region and cultural dimensions present in this curricular process by individual members.

Geographic Representation

Country or regional perspectives present in this curricular process by individual members.