Table 1 Common Constructs and Definitions
Construct | Definition | Reference |
|---|---|---|
Compliance | “Compliance refers to a particular kind of response—acquiescence—to a particular kind of communication—a request. The request may be explicit … or it may be implicit.” | (Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004 [7]) |
Conformity | “Conformity refers to the act of changing one’s behavior to match the responses of others.” | |
Obedience | “… behaving in accordance with the opinions, advice, and directives of authority figures” | |
Negative Compliance | Potential negative consequences that can arise from deference, yielding or complying with others | (Delaloye, 2017 [8]) |
Compliance that produces harm, such as when a person does not speak up or alter a course of action believed to be inaccurate or unsafe | (Green et al., 2017 [9]) | |
Impression Management | “The way people attempt to control the perceptions, or impressions that others have of them, the person’s self-presentation” | (Goffman, 1956 [10]) |
“Ways in which people present an image of how they think their audience wishes to see them in face-to-face interaction.” | (Solomon, Solomon, Joseph, & Norton, 2013 [11]) | |
Moral Distress | “The psychological disequilibrium and the state of negative feelings experienced when a person makes a moral decision but does not follow through by performing the moral behaviour indicated by that decision” | (Wilkinson, 1987 [12]) |
Displacement or Responsibility | “… they [people] view their actions as stemming from the dictates of authorities rather than being personally responsible for them” | (Bandura, 1999 [13]) |