Effects of an examiner’s positive and negative feedback on self-assessment of skill performance, emotional response, and self-efficacy in Korea: a quasi-experimental study

Table 1 Homogeneity of general characteristics between groups

Variables	Categories		PF group (n = 58)	NF group (n = 52)	U or χ²	p
Age (years)		Median (min, max)	20.0 (19, 24)	20.0 (19, 23)	1177.0	0.026
Age (years)		M ± SD	20.8 ± 1.2	20.3 ± 0.8	1177.0	0.026
Gender	Male		15 (25.9)	11 (21.2)	0.337	0.655*
	Female		43 (74.1)	41 (78.8)
GPA for previous academic achievement		Median (min, max)	3.8 (0.6, 4.4)	3.6 (1.9, 4.5)	1491.0	0.919
GPA for previous academic achievement		Mean ± SD	3.6 ± 0.7	3.6 ± 0.6	1491.0	0.919
Performance test score		Median (min, max)	36.0 (22, 38)	35 (26, 38)	693.0	< 0.001
Performance test score		M ± SD	34.9 ± 3.6	34.2 ± 2.6	693.0	< 0.001

*Fisher’s exact test
GPA grade point average, PF positive feedback, NF negative feedback, SD standard deviation

ISSN: 1472-6920