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Table 1 Comparison of test results between the M-learning and control groups

From: The effectiveness of a mobile application for the development of palpation and ultrasound imaging skills to supplement the traditional learning of physiotherapy students

Variable

M-learning group (N = 25)

Control group (N = 24)

P value

Knowledge test (maximum 10 points)

7.21 ± 1.988

8.09 ± .921

.089

OSCE- time ultrasound (sec)

56.756 ± 27.563

51.985 ± 28.726

.944

OSCE-time palpation (sec)

41.223 ± 17.757

45.926 ± 20.817

.393

Ultrasound skills

- Positioning of patient

2.925 ± .266

1.869 ± .344

.000*

- Positioning of ultrasound probe

2.629 ± .791

1.869 ± 1.099

.007*

- Orientation (angle) of ultrasound probe

2.407 ± .930

2.227 ± 1.151

.548

- Handling of ultrasound probe

1.703 ± .724

1.173 ± .716

.013*

- Image adjustment

2.333 ± 1.000

1.913 ± 1.239

.191

- Global OSCE (maximum 15 points)

12.000 ± 2.572

9.000 ± 2.943

.000*

Palpation skills

- Position of patient

3.000 ± .000

2.708 ± .55

.009*

- Position of extremity

2.461 ± .904

2.291 ± .954

.521

- Direction of palpation contact

2.461 ± .859

1.833 ± 1.007

.021*

- Precision of palpation

1.846 ± .880

1.416 ± 1.017

.116

- Global OSCE (maximum 12 points)

12.038 ± 3.155

9.833 ± 3.963

.034*

  1. *Significant differences between groups (Student’s t test and Mann-Witney U test).
  2. Values ± SD are expressed as the mean (95 % confidence interval)
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