From: Self-directed learning can outperform direct instruction in the course of a modern German medical curriculum - results of a mixed methods trial
Pre-test
Post-test
Mean
Standard deviation
E-learning (EL)
3.91
0.58
2.36
Seminar (SE)
3.76
0.50
2.47
0.60
Self-instructed learning (SL)
3.92
0.68
2.77
0.67
Lecture (VL)
3.80
0.73
2.69