Table 2 Students’ self-rated confidence in performing procedural skills on real patient before and after the workshop

Laryngeal mask airway

3.45 (0.972)

4.11 (0.752)

0.667 (0.103)

6.453 (<0.001)

12-lead electrocardiography

3.56 (0.792)

4.29 (0.710)

0.729 (0.072)

10.162 (<0.001)

Laryngoscope

3.41 (0.792)

4.14 (0.752)

0.726 (0.083)

8.796 (<0.001)

Oropharyngeal airway

4.39 (0.701)

4.58 (0.592)

0.198 (0.070)

2.810 (<0.001)

Magill® forceps to remove foreign body obstruction

3.62 (0.936)

4.25 (0.771)

0.632 (0.096)

6.587 (<0.001)

Nasopharyngeal airway

3.91 (0.876)

4.51 (0.682)

0.600 (0.086)

6.937 (<0.001)

Bag-Valve-Mask

4.01 (0.792)

4.39 (0.673)

0.379 (0.084)

4.535 (<0.001)

Double airway manoeuvre

4.18 (0.725)

4.52 (0.598)

0.344 (0.077)

4.482 (<0.001)

Triple airway manoeuvre

4.15 (0.743)

4.47 (0.599)

0.326 (0.081)

4.019 (<0.001)

Thoracocentesis

2.89 (0.993)

4.13 (0.669)

1.240 (0.099)

12.514 (<0.001)

CT-6 traction splint

3.06 (0.982)

3.93 (0.714)

0.865 (0.091)

9.519 (<0.001)