Table 2 Overview of studies identified for inclusion
From: Tools for measuring technical skills during gynaecologic surgery: a scoping review
Author and year | Assessment tool | Study design and assessment method | Domains assessed |
|---|---|---|---|
Hiemstra et al. [17] 2011 | OSATS Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills | Observational study Self-assessment and peri- and postoperative assessment by supervisor | Generic scale 1) Respect for tissue 2) Time and motion 3) Knowledge and handling of instrument 4) Flow of operation 5) Use of assistants 6) Knowledge of specific procedure |
Chen et al. [18] 2010 | VSSI Vaginal Surgical Skills Index | Observational study Assessment by supervisor and blinded reviewer of video recording | Generic and procedure-specific scale 1) Initial inspection 2) Incision 3) Maintenance of visibility 4) Use of assistants 5) Knowledge of instruments 6) Tissue and instrument handling 7) Electro surgery 8) Knot tying 9) Haemostasis 10) Procedure completion 11) Time and motion 12) Flow of operation and forward planning 13) Knowledge of specific procedure |
Chou B et al. [19] 2008 | HASC Hopkins Assessment of Surgical Competency | Observational study Self-assessment and assessment by supervisor | Generic and procedure-specific scale General surgical skills: 1) Knowledge/avoidance of potential complications, 2) Respected tissue, 3) Instrument Handling, 4) Time and motion/moves not wasted, 5) Bleeding controlled, 6) Flow of operation Specific surgical skills: 1) Knowledge of patient history/surgical indication, 2) Knowledge of anatomy, 3) Patient properly positioned on table/in stirrups, 4) Proper placement of retractors, 5) Proper assembly equipment, 6) Proper positioning of lights |
Larsen CR et al. [20] 2008 | OSALS Objective Structured Assessment of Laparoscopic Salpingectomy | Prospective cohort study Blinded video assessment by two observers | Generic and procedure-specific scale OSALS general skills 1) Economy of movement, 2) Confidence of movement, 3) Economy of time, 4) Errors; respect for tissue, 5) Flow of operation/operative technique OSALS specific skills: 1) Presentation of anatomy, 2) Use of diathermy, 3) Dissection of fallopian tube, 4) Care for ovary, ovarian artery and pelvic wall, 5) Extraction of fallopian tube |
Peter J. Frederick et al. [21] 2017 | RHAS Robot Hysterectomy Assessment Score | Observational study Blinded video assessment by expert reviewers | Procedure-specific scale 1) Handling of the round ligament, 2) Developing the bladder flap, 3) Isolating and securing the infundibulopelvic ligament (or utero-ovarian ligament if the ovaries were retained), 4) Securing the uterine vessels, 5) Performing the colpotomy and 6) Closing the vaginal cuff |
Jeanne Goderstad et al. [22] 2016 | CAT-LSH Competence Assessment for Laparoscopic Supracervical Hysterectomy | Prospective interobserver study Blinded video assessment by expert reviewers | Procedure-specific scale 1) Ligament mobilisation, 2) Release of adnexa form uterus, 3) Division of uterine vessels, 4) Uterus amputation |
Savran et al. [23] 2019 | Feasible rating scale for formative and summative feedback | Prospective cohort study Blinded video assessment by two observers | Procedure-specific scale 1) Division of fallopian tube and uteroovarian OR division of the infundibulopelvix ligament 2) Dividing the round ligament 3) Care for the ureter 4) Opening the utero-vesicale peritoneum 5) Identification and skeletonising 6) Presentation and ligation of uterine arteries 7) Opening of the vagina 8) Suturing (catching the needle) 9) Driving the needle through tissue, 10) Placement and depth of sutures in the vaginal cuff, 11) Suturing of the vagina and tying the knot |
Heinrich Husslein et al. [24] 2015 | GERT Generic Error Rating Tool | Prospective observational study Blinded video assessment by expert reviewers | Error assessment - generic and procedure-specific scale 1) Abdominal access and removal of instruments or trocars, 2) Use of retractors, 3) Use of energy, 4) Grasping and dissection, 5) Cutting, transection and stapling, 6) Clipping, 7) Suturing, 8) Use of suction, 9) Other Each generic task subdivided into four distinct error modes: (1) Too much use of force or distance, 2) Too little use of force or distance, 3) Inadequate visualisation, 4) Wrong orientation of instrument Procedure subdivided into: 1) Insertion of trocars, 2) Creation of bladder flap, 3) Colpotomy 4) Vault closure |