Strategic elements of residency training in China: transactional leadership, self-efficacy, and employee-orientation culture

Table 2 Means, standard deviations, correlations

Variable	AV	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
Gender
Age			0.02
Education			−0.06	0.18**
Hospital level			0.06	−0.01	− 0.27**
Self-efficacy	3.65	0.49	0.12*	0.05	0.00	0.04	(0.71)
TLS (contingent punishment)	3.61	0.61	0.19**	0.00	0.12	0.09	0.14	(0.88)
TLS (contingent reward)	3.58	0.66	0.03	0.04	−0.01	−0.04	0.31**	−0.05	(0.83)
EOC	3.51	0.59	−0.14*	0.07	−0.12	0.03	0.39**	0.07	0.49**	(0.76)
Performance	3.61	0.47	−0.00	0.09	0.02	0.07	0.51**	0.24**	0.45**	0.63**	(0.71)

Notes: n = 247. The diagonal elements are the square root of AVE. **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05

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