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Table 1 Tools used to assess medical students’ mental health and determinants

From: A systematic review of depression and anxiety in medical students in China

Assessment tools

Assessment tool (abbreviated)

Standard

Studies (n)

Ref. No

Depression

 Beck Depression Inventory

BDI

A score of ≥14 out of 84 indicates depression

3

[39]

 Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale

CES-D

A score of ≥15 out of 60 indicates depression

4

[40]

 Zung self-rating Depression Scale

SDS

A score of ≥40 out of 80 indicates depression

8

[41]

Anxiety

 Symptom Checklist 90

SCL-90

A score of ≥1.8 out of 5 indicates anxiety

2

[42]

 Beck Anxiety Inventory

BAI

A score of ≥5 out of 63 indicates anxiety

1

[43]

 Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale

SAS

A score of ≥40 out of 80 indicates anxiety

6

[44]

 Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale

HAMA

A score of ≥14 out of 56 indicates anxiety

3

[45]

Determinants

 Perceived Social Support Scale

PSSS

–

2

[46]

 Eysenck Personality Questionnaire

EPQ

–

2

[47]

 Life Events Scale

LES

–

1

[48]

 China College Student Adjustment Scale

CCSAS

–

1

[49]

 Life Orientation Test-Revised

LOT-R

–

1

[50]

 Resilience Scale-14

RS-14

–

1

[51]

 Adult Dispositional Hope Scale

ADHS

–

1

[52]

 Social Support Rating Scale

SSRS

–

2

[53]

 Family APGAR Index

APGAR

–

1

[54]

 Student-life Stress Inventory

SLS

–

1

[55]

 Coping Style Questionnaire

CSQ

–

1

[56]

 The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-form Health Survey

SF-36

–

1

[57]

 Beck Hopeless Scale

BHS

–

1

[58]

 Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List

ASLEC

–

1

[59]

 The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index

PSQI

–

1

[60]