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Table 2 Opportunities for LGBT Bias Reduction in Medical, Nursing, and Dental School Training

From: Training to reduce LGBTQ-related bias among medical, nursing, and dental students and providers: a systematic review

Training Target

Training Activity

Training Modality

Competency Domains

Knowledge

Understanding sexual orientation, gender identity, LGBTQ terminology

Lecture

Conferences or workshops

Knowledge for practice

Interpersonal and communication skills

Professionalism

Understanding transgender medical care

Lecture

Conferences or workshops

Simulation/standardized patients

Knowledge for practice

Patient care

Practice-based learning and improvement

Understanding the potential impact of LGBTQ-related discrimination on health disparities

Lecture

Conferences or workshops

Small group discussion

Patient care

Professionalism

Explicit attitudes

Contact with LGBTQ individuals through presentations and patient panels

Conferences or workshops

Knowledge for practice

Interpersonal and communication skills

Understanding discrimination in health care settings through presentations by LGBTQ patients

Conferences or workshops

Case- or problem-based learning

Patient care

Practice-based learning and improvement

Professionalism

Comfort level

Navigating LGBTQ patient care scenarios

Case- or problem-based learning

Simulation/standardized patients

Patient care

Practice-based learning and improvement

Sexual history taking with LGBTQ patients

Simulation/standardized patients

Patient care

Practice-based learning and improvement

Increasing comfort with LGBTQ patient care through role-play and perspective taking exercises

Small group discussion

Practice-based learning and improvement

Interpersonal and communication skills

Professionalism

Implicit attitudes

Understanding the psychological basis of implicit bias

Lecture

Conferences or workshops

Knowledge for practice

Personal and professional development

Understanding the impact of implicit bias on health care providers

Lecture

Conferences or workshops

Knowledge for practice

Personal and professional development

Increasing awareness of implicit biases through taking the Implicit Association Test

Small group discussion

Patient care

Personal and professional development

Practicing bias reduction (e.g., individuation training, emotion regulation skills)

Conferences or workshops

Practice-based learning and improvement

Personal and professional development