Table 1 Patient characteristics for study cohort

   < 65

533

46.2%

23,390

55.0%

  65–74

324

28.1%

10,369

24.4%

< 0.0001

  75–80

86

7.5%

2679

6.3%

  80–85

94

8.1%

2842

6.7%

  85+

117

10.1%

3244

7.6%

 Male

1087

94.2%

38,823

91.3%

0.001

 White

1053

91.2%

34,752

81.7%

< 0.0001

 Estrogen

2

0.2%

38

0.1%

0.285

 Hormone deprivation meds

7

0.6%

93

0.2%

0.017

 Seizure meds

1

0.1%

45

0.1%

0.656

 Steroid

141

12.2%

1244

2.9%

< 0.0001

 Testosterone

42

3.6%

718

1.7%

< 0.0001

 Alcohol

7

0.6%

113

0.3%

0.040

 Diabetes

47

4.1%

513

1.2%

< 0.0001

 Fall

34

2.9%

370

0.9%

< 0.0001

 Hyperparathyroidism

8

0.7%

83

0.2%

0.003

 Malnutrition

56

4.9%

598

1.4%

< 0.0001

 Prior fracture

6

0.5%

161

0.4%

0.460

 Renal disease

108

9.4%

1027

2.4%

< 0.0001

 Rheumatoid arthritis

16

1.4%

203

0.5%

< 0.0001

 Smoking

207

17.9%

4196

9.9%

< 0.0001

 Stroke

30

2.6%

462

1.1%

< 0.0001

 Vitamin D deficiency

23

2.0%

505

1.2%

0.019