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Table 3 Principal component analysis of the role-modeling cost-conscious behaviors scale in 281 undergraduate medical students, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

From: Translation, transcultural adaptation, and validation of the role-modeling cost-conscious behaviors scale

Rotated Factor Matrixa

Factor*

1

2

Discuss costs of care with students or other members of the health care team when making patient care decisions

.701

 

Initiate a conversation about costs of care when discussing treatment options

.657

 

Seek cost-effectiveness data to inform their clinical decision making

.535

 

Point out examples of waste in the health care system

.520

 

Ask a student or other member of the health care team to explain how a test result will affect patient management

.477

 

Praise a student or resident for ordering a cost-effective diagnostic workup

.456

 

Explain to a patient why a particular diagnostic test is not necessary

.416

 

Prescribe a brand name drug when an equivalent generic is available because a patient asks for the brand name drug specifically

 

.670

Order a more expensive test or treatment because a patient requests it even if it offers only a small potential benefit compared to less costly alternatives

 

.661

Order numerous tests all at once rather than waiting to see the results of initial screening tests first

 

.461

Repeat tests rather than attempt to obtain recently performed test results (e.g., by requesting a patient’s outside records)

 

.382

Refer a patient to a specialist because the patient wants it even when the physician does not believe a referral is indicated

 

.374

Criticize a student or resident for failing to order routine daily labs on a stable hospitalized patient

 

.346

  1. a Varimax rotation with Kaiser Normalization
  2. *Factor loadings greater than 0.3