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Table 4 Subthemes and supporting quotes within the theme “Influences of an all- PharmD policy”

From: Does a transition in education equate to a transition in practice? Thai stakeholder’s perceptions of the introduction of the Doctor of Pharmacy programme

Key theme: Influences of an all- PharmD policy

Subthemes

Concepts

Participantsa

Example of supporting quotes

The needs for pharmacists to provide a better standard of pharmacy services

Hospital pharmacists need in-depth knowledge to provide a better of patient care

PM9

“Hospital pharmacists should have the in-depth knowledge to serve patients by doing more than dispensing medication, so a PharmD in pharmaceutical care is the answer.” (PM 9)

Need more specialty due to pharmacy graduates’ competencies from the previous pharmacy programme (a 5-year BPharm) were too broad

AC1_PSc_U1, AC14_SAP_U5, AC22_D_U5, PM1, PM3, PM5, PM8

“Policy makers believed that separate pharmacy specialty by have separate curriculum and training will meet the social need rather than general pharmacist.” (AC14_SAP_U5)

“They see the problem that our pharmacist was too generalised. Employers thought graduates did not have in-depth knowledge either in patient care or product focused.” (AC22_D_U5)

“Another reason was regard to the 5-yearr programme which does not make us experts in medicines and patient care.” (PM1)

Need higher competencies

AC3_PC_U4, AC14_SAP_U5, PM1, PM8

“The reason is increasing competency which should have to separate to two special tracts (PC-PD, IP-PD) with more practice training.” (AC14_SAP_U5)

Pharmacists’ roles involve in patient care

AC8_PC_U4, PM1

“Now pharmacist’s roles are more involvement in patient care.” (AC8_PC_U4)

The global trend towards providing patient care services

The global trend of patient care services

PM1, PM7, PM8

“We considered the direction at an international level and saw that the trend for developed countries was normally to adapt a practice role that emphasised patient care. This might be more suitable due to the PharmD programme giving us higher competencies as pharmacists.” (PM1)

“Global trends are likely to come to specifically in pharmaceutical care. This global trend needs a quality pharmacy the other way around, one more heavily weighted towards pharmaceutical care. Pharm care was requiring more profound training for new pharmacists to be ready to work.” (PM7)

The Cooperation of four faculties of pharmacy and the Bureau of Health Service System Development, Ministry of Public Health (MoPH)

The Cooperation of four faculties of pharmacy and the Bureau of Health Service System Development, Ministry of Public Health (MoPH)

PM1, PM9

“There were agreed and jointed investment between four faculties of pharmacy and the Bureau of Health Service System Development, Ministry of Public Health (MoPH). It was an atmosphere of new learning.” (PM1)

The US-Thai consortium for the development of pharmacy education in Thailand

A strong cooperative network of PECT, and the US-Thai consortium for the development of pharmacy education in Thailand

AC3_PC_U4, AC4_PC_U3, AC10_PSc_U5, AC21_D_U5, AC22_D_U1, EXP13_HOS, PM1, PM2, PM10

“The administrator of faculty of pharmacy had been visited the pharmacy school in the US. They thought that they should have a clinical pharmacy focused programme which this future direction of pharmacist.” (AC4_PC_U3)

“The PECT and Ministry of Public health were co-ordinate for US-Thai consortium. We received idea from US and learn from them. Both academic and pharmacists were train from US.” (AC10_PSc_U5)

“A 6-year PharmD programme was implemented by policy of the pharmacy council. Literally, I think it was influenced from US-Thai consortium which they (pharmacy council) had accepted concept from US quite a lot.” (AC21_D_U5)

“It started from PECT since 1996–1997 that we have Thai-US consortium which is a subset of the project of pharmacy workforce development of MoPH. PECT thought that change to a 6- year programme might be the way to develop the pharmacy profession in Thailand as in a developed country.” (PM2)

“The result of the consortium has had a great impact on Thai pharmacy education and the Thai pharmacy profession.” (PM10)

The announcement of the the Pharmacy Council of Thailand (PCT)

The announcement of the the Pharmacy Council of Thailand (PCT)

AC21_D_U5, PM2, PM3, EXP12_COM, EXP13_HOS

“The Pharmacy Council stated that if we did not provide a 6-year PharmD curriculum, our students will not qualify to take the licensure examination. All faculties have to adapt their programmes to 6 years, no matter whether it is pharmaceutical sciences or pharmaceutical care.” (AC21_D_U5)

“This policy was commenced as law by the Pharmacy Council.” (PM2)

“If PCT did not announce as a regulation, this would never be ready, right? It was very confused at that time. We needed someone to make decisions for our future.” (PM3)

“The intention of the PCT was good. They proposed to clarify the position of the pharmacy profession which might useful to our society and our profession.” (EXP 13_HOS)

  1. aAbbreviation
  2. AC_PSc Academic member in pharmaceutical sciences area, AC_PC Academic member in pharmaceutical care area, AC_SAP Academic member in social and administrative pharmacy), AC_D Dean, EXP_HOS Expert in hospital pharmacy, EXP_COM community pharmacy, EXP_PSc Expert in industrial pharmacy, EXP_PB Expert in public health and consumer protection, EXP_MP Expert in marketing pharmacy, N Nurse, PH_HOS Hospital pharmacist, PH_COM community pharmacist, PH_IP Industrial pharmacist, PH_PB Pharmacist in public health and consumer protection, PH_MP Pharmacist in marketing pharmacy, PH_RD Pharmacist in Research and development, PHY Physician, PM Policy maker, PTECH Pharmacy technician, PT_IPD Patient in In-Patient Department, PT_OPD Patient in Out-Patient Department, PUB Public/general population, ST Student, PR Parent, U1 University1, U2 University2, U3 University3, U4 University4, U5 University5