From: Impact of postgraduate training on communication skills teaching: a controlled study
 | Intervention group | Control group |  |  |  | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | (Inpatient n = 16; outpatient n = 12) | (Inpatient n = 12; outpatient n = 8) |  |  |  | |||||
Type of CS items | Â | Pre | Post | Â | Pre | Post | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 |  | n (%) | n (%) | Delta (SD) | n (%) | n (%) | Delta (SD) | Delta difference | p | Effect size |
Explanation inpatient | Not setting the agenda (-) | 0 (0%) | 6 (38%) | 0.38 (0.50) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.38 | 0.0157 | 0.90 |
 | Not exploring patients’ perspectives (-) | 1 (6%) | 15 (94%) | 0.88 (0.34) | 1 (8%) | 4 (33%) | 0.25 (0.45) | 0.63 | 0.0003 | 1.38 |
 | Not chunking nor checking (-) | 2 (13%) | 12 (75%) | 0.62 (0.50) | 0 | 2 (17%) | 0.17 (0.39) | 0.46 | 0.0142 | 1.77 |
 | Not planning the follow-up (-) | 5 (31%) | 2 (13%) | -0.19 (0.54) | 1 (8%) | 4 (33%) | 0.25 (0.45) | -0.44 | 0.0325 | -0.97 |
 | Not checking patient’s understanding at the end (-) | 1 (6%) | 10 (63%) | 0.56 (0.51) | 1 (8%) | 3 (25%) | 0.17 (0.58) | 0.40 | 0.0663 | 0.696 |
Breaking bad news inpatient | Not setting the agenda (-) | 0 | 5 (31%) | 0.31 (0.48) | 1 (8%) | 0 | -0.09 (0.30) | 0.40 | 0.0207 | 1.34 |
Family discussion inpatient | Summarizing the context (+) | 0 | 5 (31%) | 0.31 0.48) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.31 | 0.0331 | 0.80 |
Difficult consultation outpatient | No empathy (-) | 1 (8%) | 10 (83%) | 0.75 (0.62) | 2 (25%) | 12 (13%) | -0.13 (0.35) | 0.88 | 0.0021 | 2.48 |
 | Negotiating a common solution (+) | 2 (17%) | 10 (83%) | 0.67 (0.65) | 2 (25%) | 2 (25%) | 0 (0.54) | 0.67 | 0.0274 | 1.25 |